Health impacts due to air quality issues in European cities need to be addressed in the long term along with the decarbonisation of transport. Current engines are certified on test stands, both for noxious emissions, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, according to the regulations in force. However, in both cases, emissions are significantly higher while driving, for example for NOx in cars powered by diesel engines, for particles in direct injection gasoline engines, and for CO2 for all types of engines and fuels. The prize aims at spurring the development of engine and powertrain technologies using conventional fuels that reduce emissions of pollutants in real driving conditions to the lowest level possible, in order to improve air quality issues in European cities, while at the same time delivering better fuel economy and CO2 emissions under the same realistic test conditions. This prize aims at reducing the pollution produced by future new vehicles using either gasoline or diesel fuels and their low biofuel blends available on the market.